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3D and BIM modeling

Modeling is the series of procedures carried out to construct a three-dimensional copy of an object or building on computer support. Current trends in 3D modeling in architecture are moving away from traditional building survey models and towards building information modeling or BIM in which project components are fully defined and quantified to obtain accurate building information. . Another characteristic of BIM modeling is the greater coordination between the various branches or sectors involved in the construction process, which means that projects are designed and components are characterized in such a way that they are all integrated within the global model, which reduces errors and misalignments on site. This construction trend is put into practice in large complexes such as public buildings, shopping centers, major residential developments or urban infrastructures.

CAD or computer-aided design systems can generate highly detailed models of a project. Among the properties that can be defined are the shape, size and materials of each component of the building, either in 2D or 3D. When this three-dimensional data has been entered and stored in the software, the modeler can modify it more quickly and easily in the design process. It is also possible to integrate different components created by several modelers who work independently, since this data can be imported from different files, with which the same building can be moderated by several designers, each one specialized in its specific work area. The BIM models can also simulate the operation of a building, be it its structural behavior, behavior against the weather, acoustics or lighting. It is also possible to verify the operation of building facilities.

CAD files can also be connected to a computer controlled manufacturing system such as a 3D printer to create a scale model of a project. Computer-aided manufacturing has several significant advantages over traditional systems, reducing labor, commissioning errors, construction time, and overall cost. The manufacture of this 3D model using a 3D printer is carried out using special computer programs.

CAD systems are very beneficial for architects and manufacturers since they are easily adaptable to the specific needs of these professionals. For example, an architect can use a 3D model to quickly create a first prototype of her building and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the design and from there make modifications to meet the objectives pursued in the design. Once this is done, you can use the model to represent the floors, elevations and sections, volumetric and renderings of the building. The range of capabilities that 3D modeling and rendering offers designers is constantly expanding.

BIM modeling is the procedure by which computers are used to represent, design and construct a building. These can be detailed faster, with greater precision and at a lower cost than with traditional models. The BIM models also allow describing the shape of the components that make up the building, choosing the most suitable material for its construction, since the databases of these specialized software allow describing its properties and simulating its real behavior once it is built. BIM makes extensive use of the potential of this technology since it allows the necessary components to be quantified without errors, to calculate the cost of materials and to control the construction process. This means greater precision for the builder, allowing the company to streamline the process of demand for materials, improving speed and execution of work.

The evolution of 2D and 3D modeling has allowed its integration in applications for augmented reality. The application of 3D models in augmented reality has allowed users and architects to interact with virtual 3D models using 360 degree virtual reality glasses, mobiles and other devices instead of the traditional method using models or images or videos. The area of 3D architectural visualization has also benefited from 3D modeling techniques, since it allows greater flexibility when modifying shapes and materials to make infographics. Companies are adapting to this new technology, creating their own libraries of materials and 3D models that allow architects and designers to have 3D products, materials, luminaires and other products that simulate highly realistic behavior.

Modelado 3D
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